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Introduction Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swab has been the gold standard test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection The relationship between cycle threshold (Ct) values of rRT-PCR and severity of disease remain disputable and not clearly defined in COVID-19. Methodology This is a single-centred retrospective observational study conducted at Government Corona Hospital (GCH), Guindy, Chennai. In the present study, we compared the Ct value of rRT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab specimens with a diverse range of symptoms and disease severity among 240 individuals who were hospitalized with COVID-19, viz., mild cases (MC;n=160), moderately severe cases (MSC;n=46) and severe cases (SC;n=34) in the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic. Results The study included 240 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a median age of 52 years (range 21 to 90 years). MC, MSC, and SC all had median Ct values of 25.0 (interquartile range – IQR 20.0 to 30.5), 29.5 (IQR 23.0 to 34.0), and 29.0 (IQR 24 to 37.5) for the ORF1ab gene. The Ct value differed significantly between mild vs moderate, and mild vs severe cases. The Ct value of SC group with co-morbidity of type 2 diabetes have a significant difference compared to non-diabetes group (p value <0.05). There was a significant difference in the median Ct value of ORF1ab gene among the MSC group and MC but not in the SC group in the first and second waves of the pandemic (p<0.05). Conclusion We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 Ct values of rRT-PCR alone does not have a role in aiding severity stratification among patients with COVID-19 since the viral dynamics and Ct value may vary due to the emerging variants that occur in different waves of the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swab has been the gold standard test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection The relationship between cycle threshold (Ct) values of rRT-PCR and severity of disease remain disputable and not clearly defined in COVID-19. Methodology: This is a single-centered retrospective observational study conducted at Government Corona Hospital (GCH), Guindy, Chennai. In the present study, we compared the Ct value of rRT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab specimens with a diverse range of symptoms and disease severity among 240 individuals who were hospitalized with COVID-19, viz., mild cases (MC; n = 160), moderately severe cases (MSC; n = 46) and severe cases (SC; n = 34) in the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The study included 240 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a median age of 52 years (range 21 to 90 years). MC, MSC, and SC all had median Ct values of 25.0 (interquartile range - IQR 20.0 to 30.5), 29.5 (IQR 23.0 to 34.0), and 29.0 (IQR 24 to 37.5) for the ORF1ab gene. The Ct value differed significantly between mild vs moderate, and mild vs severe cases. The Ct value of SC group with co-morbidity of type 2 diabetes have a significant difference compared to non-diabetes group (p value <0.05). There was a significant difference in the median Ct value of ORF1ab gene among the MSC group and MC but not in the SC group in the first and second waves of the pandemic (p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 Ct values of rRT-PCR alone does not have a role in aiding severity stratification among patients with COVID-19 since the viral dynamics and Ct value may vary due to the emerging variants that occur in different waves of the pandemic.
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Theoretical Framework:During Covid-19, IndCzech invented numerous digital business transformations to maintain its sustainability in the global economy. IndCzech's digital innovations (New normal) through online safety study workshops, business meetings, Factory Acceptance test, 3D Model review, Design review, Quality audit, project implementation and business transformation through work sharing possibilities in different places, integrated work culture, changes in native infrastructure have been analyzed the possibilities to implement. Based on the study, conceptual model proposes with Digital innovation, Business Transformation, Emotional Resilience, Challenges in workplace and Organizational growth. Design / Methodology/approach:129 agile leaders in the workplace in MSME sector data's were collected through questionnaire and data analyzed with descriptive analysis, t-test, one way ANOVA, Correlation analysis, Regression analysis through SPSS and SEM model through SPSS AMOS. Copyright © 2022 by Animal Bioscience.
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The COVID-19 is a modern-day crisis unparalleled in its effects leading to an enormous number of sufferers and security problems. People frequently use masks to guard themselves and lessen the spread of the virus. This makes face recognition a very challenging task since certain portions of the face, vital for recognition, are unseen. Face detection has become an important aspect with respect to safety and security and is also widely used in Image processing and Computer Vision. Several new algorithms are being analyzed and researched upon using various convolutional architectures to make the algorithm as efficient and truthful as possible. The crucial attention of researchers during the current COVID-19 situation is to devise means to manage this problem through quick and efficient solutions. These convolutional architectures have made it possible to bring out even the pixel details. The objective is to design a face classifier that can spot any face present in the frame regardless of its alignment, detect the unmasked facial regions, and enhance the recognition accuracy of different masked faces. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
A failure in the timely surveillance of domestic and international travelers transformed the 27 cases of pneumonia in China to an epidemic and then to the fifth pandemic of the 21st century. It is ever evident that travel and outbreak are strongly correlated. An imported outbreak compromises global health security, devitalizes economy and strains political relationships among nations. 'World Health Organization' advocated 'International Health Regulations'(IHR), to improve international surveillance and public health reporting mechanisms for events that are global health risks. Travel medicine does exist as a specialty in most nations. Despite all these instruments, there was a gap evident from the failure in the surveillance of travelers at times of CoVID-19, even by the better prepared and ever-alert developed nations, led to the pandemic. An overview on the travel and infectious disease outbreaks, existing policies and protocols and nations' ability in pandemic preparedness and the WHO's response to COVID-19 outbreak is drawn.
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Obesity is major health problem and are defined as abnormal or excessive amount of fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) over 24 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. obesity are main risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, like cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Over 800 million people around the world are living with obesity. The medical consequences of obesity will cost over $1 trillion by 2025.People living with obesity are twice as likely to be hospitalized if tested positive for COVID-19. The weight loss segments are one of the major contributors to the overall revenue of the dietary supplements in market. Anti-obesity drugs are used as pharmacological agents which reduce or control body weight. These drugs can change one of the fundamental processes of the human body or weight regulation by altering either appetite or absorption of calories. The treatment for obese patients is dieting and physical exercise. An anti-obesity drug have produce sustained weight loss with minimal side effects.
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The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 globally claimed between 50 and 100 million lives. In India, it was referred to as The Bombay Fever and accounted for a fifth of the global death toll. The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), a new human-infecting β-coronavirus, has clearly demonstrated that the size of an organism does not reflect on its ability to affect an entire human population. 2019-nCOV, first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, spread rapidly globally. Disease in humans ranged from flulike symptoms to severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure. The virus appears closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) coronaviruses. Although bats were likely the original host, animals sold at the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan might have been the intermediate host that enabled the emergence of the virus in humans. Under the electron microscope, the SARS-CoV-2 virus grips its receptor tighter than the virus behind the SARS outbreak in 2003 to 2004. The viral particle docks onto the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and initiates viral entry. This review discusses the various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its structure, pathophysiology, mechanism of interaction with human cells, virulence factors, and drugs involved in the treatment of the disease.
ABSTRACT
The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 globally claimed death between 50 and 100 million lives. In India, it was referred to as The Bombay Fever, and accounted for a fifth of the global death toll at that time. The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new human-infecting beta coronavirus, has demonstrated that the size of an organism does not reflect on its ability to affect almost an entire human population. COVID-19, first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, that spread rapidly worldwide. In humans, this disease ranged from flu-like symptoms to severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure. By appearance, this virus closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses. Although bats were likely the original host, animals sold at the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan might have been the intermediate host that enabled the emergence of the virus in humans. Under the electron microscope, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus grips its receptor tighter than the virus behind the SARS outbreak in 2003 to 2004. The viral particle docks onto the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and initiates viral entry. This review discusses the various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its structure, pathophysiology, mechanism of interaction with human cells, virulence factors, and drug involved in the treatment of the disease.